Page No 69
Common property resources (environmental) are natural resources owned and managed collectively by a community or society rather than by individuals.
Development induced displacement is movement of people who are compelled to migrate as aresult of policies and projects which are implemented supposedly enhance ‘development’. Large-scale infrastructure projects which include dams,roads, ports, airports; urban clearance initiatives; mining and deforestation; and the introduction of conservation parks/reserves and biosphere projects usually involve displacing and dislocating the original inhabitants for the so called larger cause.
The people who suffer as a result of thus usually remain internally displaced.Inspite of being resettled they are not given the irdue compensation. “While there are guidelines on restoration for affected populations produced by some major donors to these types of projects, such as the World Bank, there continues to be inadequate access to compensation. This tends to be the responsibility of host governments, and interventions from outside are often deemed inappropriate.”
In India displacement due to development projects have become a common occurrence. The poor and the marginalised people have to bear the brunt of these mega projects .India is one of the major dam constructing nations and has built more than 4000 dams since independence. Dams were also referred to as “Temples of Modern India” by late Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Out of the total population of indigenous/ tribal peoples, 55 % has been displaced who constituted only 8 % of the total population of India at 1991 census. That precisely means 85 lakhs of tribal people were displaced till 1990 according to the data given by Ministry of Tribal Affairs for mega development projects. ii In India dams are the single cause for displacing around 75% of total number of displaced people. ( Fernandes and Paranjpye , 1997). The reason for this being, such projects are usually undertaken in the remote areas of the country, which are inhabited by the tribals. The tribal people follow an indigenous and tradition pattern of life and thus dislocating them from their land would eventually lead to massive impoverishment due to loss of their home , livelihood and habitat. ( Lama )i
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