India's
population has tripled since its independence in 1947. In the past, India's
population grew slowly. It reached about 211 million by the first decennial
census in 1871 and by 1921 the population reached 251 million. In each
subsequent intercensal decade the scale of population addition rose, from 28
million during 1921-31 to 180 million during 1991-2001. This rapid increase in
population has greatly affected the social and economic life of people in
India. India's population has always been connoted with socio- economic
travails such as poverty, employment, economic backwardness, low per capita
income, environmental pollution, over -crowding and indebtedness, to name a
few.
There are
various factors that influence population growth in India. They are describe as
follows:
a. Decreased
mortality rate: decreased level of mortality is one of the major factors that
influence the growth of population in India. According to 1995 estimates, the
average Indian male born in the 1990s can expect to live 58.5 years and women
can expect to live 59.6 years, which is slightly longer than the male.
b. Conquest on
diseases: the biggest that influences the groeth of population in India is
advances in medical science and eradication of diseases.
c. Communicable
and non-communicable disease: in India, a large number of endemic communicable
diseases create a serious health problem among all age groups.
d. Migration: The
population of a country also grows as a result of net migration, i.e, the
number of people entering geographic areas and those leaving the geographic
area.
e. Poverty:
Poverty is another important factor that influences the growth of population in
India. In 2005, the world Bank estimated that about 42 per cent of India’s
population falls below the international poverty line of US$ 1025 a day
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